ALV é o relatório mais comum da SAP, e possui vários tipos. Um deles é chamado de ALV TREE, onde é possível amarrar um item ao outro, e visualizar no formato de árvore, conforme abaixo.
---Exemplo---
REPORT ZSAPeiros.
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* ICONES
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INCLUDE <icon>. " Ícones diversos
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* TIPOS
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TYPES:
* Tabela de saída
BEGIN OF ty_relatorio,
vbeln TYPE lips-vbeln,
posnr TYPE lips-posnr,
matnr TYPE lips-matnr,
END OF ty_relatorio,
* Tabela para localizar ítens na árvore
BEGIN OF ty_indice,
tabix TYPE lvc_nkey, " Número da linha na tabela
linha TYPE lvc_nkey, " Número de linha na árvore
END OF ty_indice.
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* CONTAINERS
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DATA:
g_alv_tree TYPE REF TO cl_gui_alv_tree, " Objeto árvore ALV
g_custom_container TYPE REF TO cl_gui_custom_container. " Objeto container
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* TABELAS E SUAS ESTRUTURAS
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DATA:
t_lips TYPE TABLE OF ty_relatorio,
w_lips TYPE ty_relatorio,
t_relatorio TYPE TABLE OF ty_relatorio,
t_relatorio_itens TYPE TABLE OF ty_relatorio,
w_relatorio TYPE ty_relatorio,
ti_fieldcat TYPE lvc_t_fcat,
wa_fieldcat TYPE LINE OF lvc_t_fcat,
ti_relacao TYPE TABLE OF ty_indice,
wa_relacao TYPE ty_indice.
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* CONSTANTES
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CONSTANTS: c_raiz TYPE lvc_nkey VALUE ''. " Diretório raiz.(árvore)
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* TELA DE SELEÇÃO
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SELECTION-SCREEN BEGIN OF BLOCK bl1.
SELECT-OPTIONS:
p_vbeln FOR w_lips-vbeln OBLIGATORY.
SELECTION-SCREEN END OF BLOCK bl1.
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* START-OF-SELECTION
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START-OF-SELECTION.
* Seleção dos dados
PERFORM f_seleciona_dados.
* Tela do ALV Hierarquico
CALL SCREEN 0100. "Dê 2 cliques para criar a tela 0100 -> Foto 01
* Nesta tela, 0100, criar um Custon Control com o nome MAIN_CONTAINER -> Foto 02
* Após criar a tela e o container, vá para o código onde terá o PBO e PAI -> Foto 03
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* FORMS
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* SELEÇÃO DOS DADOS
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FORM f_seleciona_dados.
SELECT vbeln posnr matnr
FROM lips
INTO TABLE t_lips
WHERE vbeln IN p_vbeln.
LOOP AT t_lips INTO w_lips.
w_relatorio-vbeln = w_lips-vbeln.
w_relatorio-posnr = w_lips-posnr.
w_relatorio-matnr = w_lips-matnr.
APPEND w_relatorio TO t_relatorio.
CLEAR w_relatorio.
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM. "f_seleciona_dados
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* CAMPOS A SEREM VISUALIZADOS NO ALV
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FORM build_fieldcatalog.
wa_fieldcat-fieldname = 'POSNR'.
wa_fieldcat-coltext = 'Item'.
wa_fieldcat-ref_table = 'LIPS'.
wa_fieldcat-ref_field = 'POSNR'.
APPEND wa_fieldcat TO ti_fieldcat.
CLEAR wa_fieldcat.
ENDFORM. "build_fieldcatalog
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* DESCRIÇÃO CAMPO PRINCIPAL DO CABEÇALHO NA ÁRVORE DO ALV
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FORM build_hierarchy_header CHANGING p_hierarchy_header TYPE treev_hhdr.
p_hierarchy_header-heading = 'Fornecimento'.
p_hierarchy_header-tooltip = 'Fornecimento / Material'.
ENDFORM. "build_hierarchy_header
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* PBO OUTPUT
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MODULE pbo OUTPUT.
* TELA DE BOTÕES
SET PF-STATUS 'STATUS_1000'.
* Dê 2 cliques no nome do pf-status para criar a tela 1000 -> Foto 04
* E onde você irá adicionar os botões EXIT BACK CANC -> Foto 05
* Verifica se já existe container criado então, evitando runtime error
IF g_alv_tree IS INITIAL.
* Cria container ALVTree
PERFORM create_alvtree_container.
* Cria objeto ALVTree dentro do container
PERFORM create_object_in_container.
* Cria controle ALVTree vazio
PERFORM create_empty_alvtree_control.
* Cria hierarquia do ALVTree
PERFORM create_alvtree_hierarchy.
ENDIF.
* Retorno de Erros possíveis
CALL METHOD cl_gui_cfw=>flush.
ENDMODULE. "pbo OUTPUT
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* PAI INPUT
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MODULE pai INPUT.
DATA: v_okcode TYPE sy-ucomm.
CASE v_okcode.
WHEN 'EXIT' OR 'BACK' OR 'CANC'.
* Retorno de Erros possíveis e volta para tela inicial
CALL METHOD cl_gui_cfw=>flush.
LEAVE TO SCREEN 0.
WHEN OTHERS.
* Retorno de Erros possíveis e volta para tela inicial
CALL METHOD cl_gui_cfw=>flush.
LEAVE TO SCREEN 0.
ENDCASE.
ENDMODULE. "pai INPUT
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* CRIA O CUSTOM CONTAINER
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FORM create_alvtree_container.
CREATE OBJECT g_custom_container
EXPORTING
container_name = 'MAIN_CONTAINER'
EXCEPTIONS
cntl_error = 1
cntl_system_error = 2
create_error = 3
lifetime_error = 4
lifetime_dynpro_dynpro_link = 5.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
ENDIF.
ENDFORM. "create_alvtree_container
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* CRIA O ALVTREE CONTAINER
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FORM create_object_in_container.
CREATE OBJECT g_alv_tree
EXPORTING
parent = g_custom_container
node_selection_mode = cl_gui_column_tree=>node_sel_mode_single
item_selection = 'X'
no_html_header = 'X'
no_toolbar = ''
EXCEPTIONS
cntl_error = 1
cntl_system_error = 2
create_error = 3
lifetime_error = 4
illegal_node_selection_mode = 5
failed = 6
illegal_column_name = 7.
IF sy-subrc <> 0.
ENDIF.
ENDFORM. "create_object_in_container
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* CRIA O CONTROLE ALVTREE (VAZIO)
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FORM create_empty_alvtree_control.
* Ajusta o cabeçalho da árvode do ALV
DATA e_hierarchy_header TYPE treev_hhdr.
PERFORM build_hierarchy_header CHANGING e_hierarchy_header.
* Monta os campos a serem visualizados
PERFORM build_fieldcatalog.
* Ativa a árvore
CALL METHOD g_alv_tree->set_table_for_first_display
EXPORTING
is_hierarchy_header = e_hierarchy_header
CHANGING
it_outtab = t_relatorio_itens
it_fieldcatalog = ti_fieldcat.
ENDFORM. "create_empty_alvtree_control
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* CRIA HIERARQUIA
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FORM create_alvtree_hierarchy.
* Carrega os ítens na árvore
PERFORM carrega_itens_na_arvore.
* Otimiza o tamanho das colunas
CALL METHOD g_alv_tree->column_optimize
EXCEPTIONS
start_column_not_found = 1
end_column_not_found = 2
OTHERS = 3.
* Envia os dados para o frontend
CALL METHOD g_alv_tree->frontend_update.
ENDFORM. "create_alvtree_hierarchy
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* MONTA CABEÇALHO
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FORM monta_cabecalho CHANGING p_node_key TYPE lvc_nkey.
DATA: ld_node_text TYPE lvc_value, " Valor apresentado no cabeçalho
lt_item_layout TYPE lvc_t_layi, " Carrega layout do item
ls_item_layout TYPE lvc_s_layi, " Carrega layout do item
is_node_layout TYPE lvc_s_layn. " Ícones de seleção "pastinha"
* Neste caso, a separação será pelo VBELN, conforme abaixo:
ls_item_layout-fieldname = g_alv_tree->c_hierarchy_column_name.
ls_item_layout-style = cl_gui_column_tree=>style_default.
ld_node_text = w_relatorio-vbeln.
APPEND ls_item_layout TO lt_item_layout.
CLEAR ls_item_layout.
* Substitui o ícone da "pastinha"
is_node_layout-n_image = icon_rating_positive. "Item Aberto
is_node_layout-exp_image = icon_rating_minus. "Item Fechado
* Adiciona a "pastinha"
CALL METHOD g_alv_tree->add_node
EXPORTING
i_relat_node_key = c_raiz
i_relationship = cl_gui_column_tree=>relat_last_child
is_node_layout = is_node_layout
it_item_layout = lt_item_layout
i_node_text = ld_node_text
is_outtab_line = w_relatorio
IMPORTING
e_new_node_key = p_node_key.
ENDFORM. "monta_cabecalho
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* MONTA ITENS
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FORM add_item_line USING p_relate_key TYPE lvc_nkey
CHANGING p_node_key TYPE lvc_nkey.
DATA: ld_node_text TYPE lvc_value, " Valor apresentado no head
lt_item_layout TYPE lvc_t_layi, " Carrega layout do item
ls_item_layout TYPE lvc_s_layi, " Carrega layout do item
is_node_layout TYPE lvc_s_layn. " Ícones de seleção "pastinha"
* Neste caso, abaixo do VBELN, informado anteriormente ao montar o Cebeçalho,
* será apresentado os Materiais (MATNR)
ls_item_layout-fieldname = g_alv_tree->c_hierarchy_column_name.
ls_item_layout-style = cl_gui_column_tree=>style_default.
ld_node_text = w_relatorio-matnr.
APPEND ls_item_layout TO lt_item_layout.
CLEAR ls_item_layout.
* Substitui o ícone da "folinha"
is_node_layout-n_image = icon_material. "Item Aberto
is_node_layout-exp_image = icon_material. "Item Fechado
* Adiciona "folinha"
CALL METHOD g_alv_tree->add_node
EXPORTING
i_relat_node_key = p_relate_key
i_relationship = cl_gui_column_tree=>relat_last_child
is_node_layout = is_node_layout
it_item_layout = lt_item_layout
i_node_text = ld_node_text
is_outtab_line = w_relatorio
IMPORTING
e_new_node_key = p_node_key.
ENDFORM. "add_item_line
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* CARREGA ITENAS NA ÁRVORE DO ALVTREE
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FORM carrega_itens_na_arvore.
* Variáveis auxiliares para montagem das "pastinhas", neste caso, por MATNR
DATA: v_item TYPE lips-matnr, " Material
v_cabeca_key TYPE lvc_nkey, " Chave de posição de head
v_item_key TYPE lvc_nkey. " Chave de posição de item
LOOP AT t_relatorio INTO w_relatorio.
* Controle da linha da árvore X linha da tabela
* Serve para localizar a linha da tabela que se refere cada linha da árvore.
wa_relacao-tabix = sy-tabix.
ADD 1 TO wa_relacao-linha.
* Neste caso, cria uma nova hierarquia para cada novo VBELN
IF w_relatorio-vbeln <> v_item.
v_item = w_relatorio-vbeln.
* Adiciona uma "pastinha"
PERFORM monta_cabecalho CHANGING v_cabeca_key.
APPEND wa_relacao TO ti_relacao.
ADD 1 TO wa_relacao-linha.
ENDIF.
* Neste caso, adiciona os itens referentes ao VBELN
PERFORM add_item_line USING v_cabeca_key
CHANGING v_item_key.
APPEND wa_relacao TO ti_relacao.
ENDLOOP.
ENDFORM. "carrega_itens_na_arvore
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Foto 04
Foto 05
